霧都孤兒英文簡(jiǎn)介(霧都孤兒英文簡(jiǎn)介簡(jiǎn)短)

Thenovelfollowsthejourneyofthetitularcharacter(主人公）,OliverTwist.Oliver,anorphansincebirth,spendsmuchofhischildhoodata“childfarm”(orphanage孤兒院)withtoomanychildrenandtoolittlefood.Thefarmislocatedroughly70milesoutsideLondon.Onenight,afterbeingservedhisportionofgruel（稀粥）,Oliverasksforasecondhelping.Thisisunacceptable,andOliverissenttoworkasanapprentice（學(xué)徒）toanundertaker.Eventually,aftersufferingrepeatedmistreatment,OliverrunsawayandheadsforLondon.HesoonfindshimselfinthepresenceoftheArtfulDodger,whotellshimtostayatthehouseofan“oldgentleman”(namedFagin)withanumberofotherboys.Oliverlearnsthattheseboysaretrainedpickpockets（扒手）.Onanouting,OliverwitnessestheboystakeahandkerchieffromMr.Brownlow,anelderlyman,whichprompts(促使）Olivertorunawayinfearandconfusion.TheelderlymanmistakesOliver’sbehaviourforguiltandhashimarrested.However,afterlearningmoreaboutOliver,Mr.Brownlowrealizeshismistakeandofferstotakecareofhimathishome.
OliverassumesthatheisnowridofFaginandthepickpockets,buthisknowledgeoftheircrimescausesthemtoseekOliverout.Nancy,aprostituteandmistress（情婦）ofoneofFagin’smen,BillSikes,issenttotakeOliverfromMr.BrownlowbacktoFagin.Shedoessosuccessfully,andOliverissentonaburglary（入室盜竊）missionwithanothermemberofthegrouptothecountrysidearoundLondon.Onthiserrand（差事）,Oliverisshotinthearmandthenistakeninbythefamily(theMaylies)thatheattemptedtorob.Whileheisthere,FaginandamannamedMonksplot（密謀）togethimback.RoseMaylie,whileonatriptoLondonwithherfamily,meetswithMr.BrownlowtotalkwithNancy,whohasslippedaway(逃走；悄悄溜走)fromSikestoexplaintheplansmadebyMonksandFagintogetOliverback.ShedescribesMonksandtellsthemwhenhemightmosteasilybeapprehended(逮捕）.UnfortunatelyforNancy,newsofherbetrayalreachesSikes,andhebeatshertodeath.Sikesaccidentallyhangshimselfsoonafter.TheMayliesreuniteOliverwithMr.Brownlow,whoforcesMonkstoexplainhimself.ThereaderandOliveraretheninformedthatMonksisOliver’shalf-brotherandthatOliverisentitledto（有…資格）alargefortune.Hereceiveshisshareofthemoney,Faginishung,andtheMaylies,Oliver,andMr.Brownlowmovetothecountrysidewheretheyspendtherestoftheirdaystogether.
寫作背景：
CharlesDickenswaswellversedinthepovertyofLondon,ashehimselfwasachildworkerafterhisfatherwassenttodebtors’prison.Hisappreciationofthehardshipsenduredbyimpoverishedcitizensstayedwithhimfortherestofhislifeandwasevidentinhisjournalisticwritingsandnovels.DickensbeganwritingOliverTwistaftertheadoptionofthePoorLawof1834,whichhaltedgovernmentpaymentstotheable-bodiedpoorunlesstheyenteredworkhouses.Thus,OliverTwistbecameavehicleforsocialcriticismaimeddirectlyattheproblemofpovertyin19th-centuryLondon.
查爾斯·狄更斯非常了解倫敦的貧窮，因?yàn)樗母赣H被送進(jìn)債務(wù)人監(jiān)獄后，他自己就是一名童工。他對(duì)貧困公民所遭受苦難的欣賞陪伴了他的余生，并在他的新聞作品和小說中表現(xiàn)得很明顯。狄更斯是在1834年《濟(jì)貧法》通過后開始創(chuàng)作《霧都孤兒》的。《濟(jì)貧法》禁止政府向身體健全的窮人提供補(bǔ)助，除非他們進(jìn)入濟(jì)貧院。因此，《霧都孤兒》成為了直指19世紀(jì)倫敦貧困問題的社會(huì)批判工具。